Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 75, Issue 10, Pages 2224-2230Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac020629f
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An electrokinetic injection technique is described which uses a nuclear track-etched nanocapillary array to inject sample plugs from one layer of a microfluidic device into another vertically separated layer for electrophoretic separations. Gated injection protocols for analyte separations, reported here, establish nanocapillary array interconnects as a route to multilevel microfluidic analytical designs. The hybrid nanofluidic/microfluidic gated injection protocol allows sample preparation and separation to be implemented in separate horizontal planes, thereby achieving multilayer integration. Repeated injections and separations of FITC-labeled arginine and tryptophan, using 200-nm pore-diameter capillary array injectors in place of traditional cross injectors are used to demonstrate gated injection with a bias configuration that uses relay switching of a single high-voltage source. Injection times as rapid as 0.3 s along with separation reproducibilities as low as 1% for FITC-labeled arginine exemplify the capability for fast, serial separations and analyses. Impedance analysis of the micro-/nanofluidic network is used to gain further insight into the mechanism by which this actively controlled nanofluidic-interconnect injection method works. Gated sample introduction via a nanocapillary array interconnect allows the injection and separation protocols to be optimized independently, thus realizing the versatility needed for real-world implementation of rapid, serial microchip analyses.
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