4.7 Article

Subsequent Development of Fibroatheromas With Inflamed Fibrous Caps Can Be Predicted by Intracoronary Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Journal

Publisher

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300710

Keywords

acute coronary syndromes; fibroatheromas; macrophages; myocardial infarction; vulnerable plaque

Funding

  1. GlaxoSmithKline through an industry-academic alliance
  2. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

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Objective-To prospectively evaluate whether the development of fibroatheromas exhibiting features of potential instability can be detected and predicted by serial invasive imaging. Methods and Results-Multivessel intravascular ultrasound and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were performed in diabetic/hypercholesterolemic pigs 3, 6, and 9 months after induction. Animals were euthanized at 9 months and histological/immunohistochemical evaluation of the arteries was performed (n=304 arterial segments). Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated, over time, a progressive increase in plaque + media and necrotic core areas and positive vascular remodeling. By histology, NIRS+ lesions were significantly more likely to be a high-risk fibroatheroma (P=0.0001) containing larger plaque (P<0.0001) and necrotic core areas (P<0.0019) and thinner fibrous caps (P=0.04). NIRS + fibroatheromas possessed a greater concentration of inflammatory cells demonstrating protease activity (P=0.006), and proliferating (P=0.016), and apoptotic cells (P=0.04) within the fibrous cap. Eighty-eight percent of NIRS+ lesions at 3 and 6 months subsequently developed into a fibroatheroma at 9 months (P<0.01). By multivariate analysis NIRS positivity at 6 months predicted the subsequent presence of a fibroatheroma at 9 months (P=0.005; odds ratio, 2.71). Conclusion-The future development of inflamed fibroatheromas with thinner fibrous caps, greater plaque, and necrotic core areas, and posessing characteristics of increased plaque instability were detected by intravascular ultrasound/NIRS imaging. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:347-353.)

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