Journal
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 804-806Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2003.811345
Keywords
double Rayleigh scattering (DRS); higher order Raman pumping; optical communication systems; Raman amplifiers
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We analyze the equivalent optical noise figure (NF) performances and double Rayleigh-scattering-induced noise characteristics of distributed Raman amplifiers based on higher order pumping schemes. We confirm that higher order counterpumping configurations improve the amplifier equivalent NF but also increase multipath interference noise, inducing system penalties at high ON-OFF Raman gain. A Q-factor analysis allows a quantitative evaluation of the real benefits provided by higher order pumping schemes.
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