Lithium MAS NMR studies of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

The application of NMR spectroscopy to study the cathode materials used in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries is described. The research described in this review article clearly demonstrates that it is now possible to obtain a wealth of information from the spectra of these materials, even in the paramagnetic or metallic state, both prior and following electrochemical cycling of a battery. First, we review the work performed at Stony Brook and elsewhere, initially to develop a detailed understanding of the shift mechanisms that result in the large shifts in the spectra of paramagnetic lithium manganates, and then, to apply this knowledge to probe local structure and electronic properties in a range of materials. NMR of a wider range of cathode materials is then briefly discussed. Finally, the experimental methods typically used in this field are briefly described. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.