Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 51, Issue 8, Pages 747-755Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00028-6
Keywords
acid rain; chemical composition; sulfate; meteorological influence; factor analysis
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A short term study of the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000 in Singapore. The rainwater was typically acidic with a mean pH of 4.2. Sulfate was the most abundant ion and comparable to the results reported for other industrialized regions. The concentrations of major ions (NH4+, Ca2+ , K+, Na+, Mg2+, SO42+ NO32- Cl- HCOO-, CH3COO-) varied monthly. Results show that local meteorological conditions influence the chemical compositions to a significant extent. The pollutants in rainwater were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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