A study on the effect of inhalative formaldehyde exposure on water labyrinth test performance in rats

We investigated the effects of repeated inhalative exposure to several formaldehyde concentrations (2 hours / day, 10 consecutive days) on the behavior of adult male and female LEW.1K rats during a period in which they learned to perform a water labyrinth task. We also examined the effects on the histology of some organ tissues. While the controls needed increasingly shorter swimming periods to complete the water labyrinth test and made fewer errors with advancing trial duration, such progress could not be observed in the learning behavior of the exposed animals. They took significantly longer swimming periods to reach the finish and made significantly more errors in comparison to the controls. The statistical comparison between the collected data in the formaldehyde exposed male and female rats reveals that females in general reached the end point of the swimming labyrinth in significantly less time. On some trial days, however, they made more mistakes than males. In the highest concentration group, no gender differences were evident in the frequency of errors. The histological examination revealed no pathological changes attributable to formaldehyde exposure. Since the water labyrinth test is used to investigate changes in memory and learning behavior in animals, we conclude that under investigational conditions, formaldehyde affects the learning behavior and the memory of male and female rats.