Role of pericellular proteolysis by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in cancer invasion and angiogenesis

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is an integral membrane proteinase that is frequently expressed in malignant cancer cells and has potent invasion-promoting activity. When expressed on the cell surface, MT1-MMP degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM) barrier adjacent to the cells to maintain the migration route to traverse the tissue. But MT1-MMP is not just an enzyme that degrades ECM. MT1-MMP also introduces limited cleavage into proteins at the cell-ECM interspaces and converts their functions. The target molecules are ECM components, cell adhesion molecules, and latent forms of MMPs. Through these processing events MT1-MMP modulates the migratory and invasive behavior of the cells.