Journal
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 189, Issue 3, Pages 233-246Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00128-5
Keywords
microsomes; supersomes; human liver fractions; cell lines; liver slices; biotransformation; in vitro techniques
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The liver is the predominant organ in which biotransformation of foreign compounds takes place, although other organs may also be involved in drug biotransformation. Ideally, an in vitro model for drug biotransformation should accurately resemble biotransformation in vivo in the liver. Several in vitro human liver models have been developed in the past few decades, including supersomes, microsomes, cytosol, S9 fraction. cell lines, transgenic cell lines, primary hepatocytes, liver slices, and perfused liver. A general advantage of these models is a reduced complexity of the study system. On the other hand, there are several more or less serious specific drawbacks for each model, which prevents their widespread use and acceptance by the regulatory authorities as an alternative for in vivo screening. This review describes the practical aspects of selected in vitro human liver models with comparisons between the methods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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