Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 50, Issue 7, Pages 863-869Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2003.813537
Keywords
droplet size; nozzle geometry; skin cooling
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-47551] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD-42057] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-62177] Funding Source: Medline
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Cryogenic sprays are used for cooling human skin during laser dermatologic surgery. In this paper, six straight-tube nozzles are characterized by photographs of cryogenic spray shapes, as well as measurements of average droplet diameter, velocity, and temperature. A single-droplet evaporation model to predict average spray droplet diameter and temperature is tested using the experimental data presented here. The results show two distinct spray patterns-sprays for 1.4-mm-diameter nozzles (wide nozzles) show significantly larger average droplet diameters and higher temperatures as a function of distance from the nozzle compared with those for 0.5-0.8-mm-diameter nozzles (narrow nozzles). These results complement and support previously reported studies, indicating that wide nozzles induce more efficient heat extraction than the narrow nozzles.
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