The diagnosis of onychomycosis

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail that is often chronic and difficult to treat. The incidence of onychomycosis is increasing and the primary pathogens include dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and Candida species. Laboratory testing (light microscopy and culture) enables the correct diagnosis of onychomycosis to be made; alternatively, histopathology allows for a permanent record of invasive nail plate infection. This article focuses on the need for proper diagnosis of onychomycosis.