Peripheral nerve neurostimulation

Direct electrical stimulation of large-diameter afferent peripheral nerve fibers proximal to the perceived injury site has been used and reported in small published series for more than 30 years to treat a variety of intractable painful peripheral mononeuropathy conditions. Originally thought of as a validation of the gate control theory the surgical procedure and therapy have been inconsistently applied because of questions regarding appropriate indications, degree of long-term pain control, and surgical techniques. Evolving equipment technologies centered around total implantable systems coupled with newer electrode designs and percutaneous lead implant techniques may herald a renewed interest among pain management specialists to consider peripheral nerve neurostimulation as part of their treatment armamentarium.