Reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity of monocyte interleukin-6 production in male industrial employees who are vitally exhausted

Proinflammatory changes are thought to link vital exhaustion with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Monocytes play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions and are a major source of circulating cytokines. We hypothesized that vital exhaustion may alter the regulation of monocyte activity, as measured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and glucocorticoid inhibited release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: In 166 middle-aged apparently healthy men, vital exhaustion was measured by the Shortened Maastricht Exhaustion Questionnaire. Subjects in the highest quartile (highly exhausted, N = 38) were compared with those in the second and third quartiles (moderately exhausted N = 89) vs. those in the lowest quartile (nonexhausted, N = 39) in terms of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels, and as to IL-6 release after LPS stimulation in vitro. Inhibition of IL-6 release was determined by coincubation with increasing concentrations of dexamethasone. Monocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity was defined as the dexamethasone concentration inhibiting IL-6 release by 50%. Results: Highly exhausted individuals had higher CRP levels than nonexhausted subjects (p = .008). LPS-stimulated IL-6 release was not significantly different between groups. However, in highly exhausted participants, dexamethasone was less able to inhibit IL-6 release (p = :0 10), and the glucocorticoid sensitivity was lower (p = .003) than in nonexhausted subjects. Conclusions: In highly exhausted individuals, glucocorticoids exert less suppressive action on monocyte IL-6 release than in nonexhausted subjects. This finding points to altered regulation of monocyte cytokine production as one possible pathway linking exhaustion with atherosclerosis.