Journal
VACCINE
Volume 21, Issue 23, Pages 3169-3178Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00251-2
Keywords
influenza vaccine; liposomes; IL-2; elderly
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Influenza and its complications account for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially among the elderly. In young adults, immunization provides 70-90% protection, while among the elderly the vaccine may be only less than or equal to50% effective; hence, the need for new, more immunogenic vaccines. We compared the safety and immunogenicity of a novel, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-supplemented trivalent liposomal influenza vaccine (designated INFLUSOME-VAC) with that of a commercial trivalent split virion vaccine in community-residing elderly volunteers (mean age 81 years) in winter of 2000/2001. Eighty-one individuals were randomly assigned to be vaccinated intramuscularly, either with the standard vaccine (n = 33) or with INFLUSOME-VAC (it = 48) prepared from the former. The two vaccines contained equal amounts of hemagglutinin (HA) (similar to15 mug of each viral strain); INFLUSOME-VAC consisted of liposomal antigens admixed with liposomal human IL-2 (Lip IL-2) (33 mug = 6 x 10(5) IU/dose). At 1 month post-vaccination, seroconversion rates (tested by hemagglutination inhibition) for the A/New Caledonia (H1N1) and A/Moscow (H3N2) strains were significantly higher (P = 0.04) in the INFLUSOME-VAC group (65 versus 45%. 44 versus 24%, respectively). Moreover, INFLUSOME-VAC induced a greater anti-neuraminidase (NA-N2) response (P < 0.05). Anti-IL-2 antibodies were undetected, and no increase in anti-phospholipid IgG antibodies was found in the INFLUSOME-VAC group. Adverse reactions were similar in both groups. Thus, INFLUSOME-VAC appears to be both safe and more immunogenic than the currently used vaccine in the elderly. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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