Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 621-625Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200304406
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In this paper, we report that Li can be stored in RuO2 with an unusually high coulombic efficiency. The process involves three electrochemical steps: i) formation of a Ru/Li2O nanocomposite, ii) formation of a Li-containing surface film, and iii) interfacial deposition of Li within the Ru/Li2O matrix. Corresponding to the storage of 5.6 mole of Li ions per mole of RuO2, a high capacity of 1130 mAh g(-1) is achieved. Furthermore, virtually all inserted Li ions can be extracted, corresponding to a nearly 100 % coulombic efficiency at the first cycle. Achieving a complete reversibility for such a Li storage system through complex heterogeneous solid-state electrochemical reactions is possible because of the formation of nanoscale Ru/Li2O during Li insertion and nano-RuO2 during Li extraction, in addition to the favorable transport properties RuO2 itself.
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