Necessary-sufficient conditions for permanence and extinction in Lotka-Volterra system with distributed delays

In this paper, the necessary and sufficient conditions for permanence and extinction of the autonomous two-species Lotka-Volterra system with distributed delays are given. Some previous results are improved and extended. Moreover, it is shown in our paper that the permanence and extinction of the distributed-delayed system is equivalent to that of its nondelayed system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.