Detection of Gait and Postures Using a Miniaturized Triaxial Accelerometer-Based System: Accuracy in Patients With Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease

Objective: To examine whether gait and postures can accurately be detected with a single small body-fixed device in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD). Design: Results of a triaxial accelerometer-based method were evaluated against video observation scores (criterion measure). Study 1: Subjects performed basic mobility-related activities (walking, lying, sitting, standing) in a fixed and free sequence. Study 2: Subjects were monitored while doing similar activities as in study 1 and while doing usual domestic activities. Setting: Study 1: Standardized set-up in a movement laboratory. Study 2: Home environment. Participants: (N=37) Study I: Patients with PD (n=32; mean age +/- SD, 67.3 +/- 6.6y; mean disease duration +/- SD, 6.1 +/- 3.4y). Study 2: Patients with PD (n=5; mean age +/- SD, 76.0 +/- 7.3y; mean disease duration +/- SD, 3.8 +/- 4.7y). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The degree of correspondence between the monitor and the video observation for the duration of each activity. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated. Results: Study I: Overall agreement ranged between 69.8% and 90.8% (fixed sequence) and 57.5% and 96.9% (free sequence). Study 2: Overall agreement ranged between 60.0% and 89.2%. Lying, sitting (home), and walking were detected most accurately with mean sensitivity varying from 81.7% to 99.9%. Lower values were found for sitting (laboratory), standing, and shuffling. Conclusions: This triaxial monitor system is a practical and valuable tool for objective, continuous evaluation of walking and postures in patients with mild to moderate PD. Detection of sitting and standing requires further fine-tuning.