Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 100, Issue 16, Pages 9238-9243Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1233577100
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- PHS HHS [49338] Funding Source: Medline
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During the biosynthesis of the vancomycin-class antibiotic chloroeremomycin, TDP-epi-vancosaminyltransferase GtfA catalyzes the attachment of 4-epi-vancosamine from a TDP donor to the beta-OH-Tyr-6 of the aglycone cosubstrate. Glycosyltransferases from this pathway are potential tools for the combinatorial design of new antibiotics that are effective against vancomycin-resistant bacterial strains. These enzymes are members of the GT-B glycosyltransferase superfamily, which share a homologous bidomain topology. We present the 2.8-Angstrom crystal structures of GtfA complexes with vancomycin and the natural monoglycosylated peptide substrate, representing the first direct observation of acceptor substrate binding among closely related glycosyltransferases. The acceptor substrates bind to the N-terminal domain such that the aglycone substrate's reactive hydroxyl group hydrogen bonds to the side chains of Ser-10 and Asp-13, thus identifying these as residues of potential catalytic importance. As well as an open form of the enzyme, the crystal structures have revealed a,closed form in which a TDP ligand is bound at a donor substrate site in the interdomain cleft, thereby illustrating not only binding interactions, but the conformational changes in the enzyme that accompany substrate binding.
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