Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
Volume 73, Issue 3, Pages 524-539Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/377588
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- Wellcome Trust Funding Source: Medline
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To scrutinize the male ancestry of extant Native American populations, we examined eight biallelic and six microsatellite polymorphisms from the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome, in 438 individuals from 24 Native American populations ( 1 Na Dene and 23 South Amerinds) and in 404 Mongolians. One of the biallelic markers typed is a recently identified mutation ( M242) characterizing a novel founder Native American haplogroup. The distribution, relatedness, and diversity of Y lineages in Native Americans indicate a differentiated male ancestry for populations from North and South America, strongly supporting a diverse demographic history for populations from these areas. These data are consistent with the occurrence of two major male migrations from southern/ central Siberia to the Americas ( with the second migration being restricted to North America) and a shared ancestry in central Asia for some of the initial migrants to Europe and the Americas. The microsatellite diversity and distribution of a Y lineage specific to South America (Q-M19) indicates that certain Amerind populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region, suggesting an early onset for tribalization of Native Americans. Age estimates based on Y-chromosome microsatellite diversity place the initial settlement of the American continent at similar to 14,000 years ago, in relative agreement with the age of well-established archaeological evidence.
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