Journal
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 494-504Publisher
PHARMACEUTICAL SOC KOREA
DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0473-7
Keywords
Beta vulgaris; Betalain; Acute inflammation; Paw edema; Cytokines; Superoxide anion
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Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel superior (CAPES)
- Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, a Pesquisa e a Extensao (FAEPE) para o Apoio a Disseminacao da Producao Cientifica em Periodicos (EDITAL FAEPE/UEL) [02/2011]
- MCTI/SETI/Fundacao Araucaria
- Parana State Government
- CNPq
- Fundacao Araucaria
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We have recently developed betalain-rich beetroot (Beta vulgaris) dye (betalain) to be used in food products. Betalain (30-300 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment diminished carrageenan (100 A mu g/paw)-induced paw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissue. Betalain (100 mg/kg) treatment by subcutaneous or per oral routes also inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Importantly, the post-treatment with betalain (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (10 A mu l/paw)-induced paw edema. Betalain (100 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan (500 A mu g/cavity)-induced recruitment of total leukocytes, including mononuclear cells and neutrophils, as well as increasing vascular permeability in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, betalain significantly reduced carrageenan-induced superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1 beta levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as augmenting IL-10 levels. Therefore, this compound presents prominent anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis by reducing the production of superoxide anion and the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, in addition to increasing IL-10 levels. These results suggest that betalain shows therapeutic potential that could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.
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