Resveratrol inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression by suppressing NF-κB activation

P. gingivalis is a major pathogen that is involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, on P. gingivalis LPS-accelerated vascular inflammation, a key step in the progression of periodontitis. Resveratrol significantly inhibited the P. gingivalis LPS-induced adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells and to the aortic endothelium by down-regulating the cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Moreover, the inhibition of the P. gingivalis LPS-induced cell adhesion molecules by resveratrol was mainly mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). Resveratrol suppressed P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B in HMECs. Overall, these findings suggest that resveratrol significantly attenuates the P. gingivalis LPS-induced monocyte adhesion to the endothelium by suppressing the expression of the NF-kappa B-dependent cell adhesion molecules, suggesting its therapeutic role in periodontal pathogen-induced vascular inflammation.