Brachial plexus region tumors: A review of their history, classification, surgical management, and outcomes

Tumors in the region of the brachial plexus comprise less than 5% of all tumors of the upper extremity. Due to their rarity and anatomical complexity, they present a neurosurgical challenge. This article is a review of brachial plexus tumors, beginning with their historical management and classification. The distribution of tumor pathology at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and at other institutions is discussed. The clinical presentation and preoperative assessment of patients with brachial plexus masses segue into a section describing the indications for surgery. The relevant anatomy, surgical techniques, and intraoperative adjuncts are reviewed next. Finally, the surgical outcome for both benign nerve sheath tumors and malignant tumors of the brachial plexus region is discussed. A thorough understanding of the management of brachial plexus tumors can optimize care of patients with these lesions and minimize neurologic deficit.