Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 135, Issue 3, Pages 598-608Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.031
Keywords
Siglec; selectin; dectin; glycan; glycan-binding proteins; sialic acid; treatment; glycobiology
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 AI072265, P01 HL107151, R21 AI103853]
- Scientific Advisory Board for Allakos
- Allakos [SRA 130701]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [P01HL107151] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI072265, R21AI103853] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Virtually all cells and extracellular material are heavily decorated by various glycans, yet our understanding of the structure and function of these moieties lags behind the understanding of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Recent years have seen a tremendous acceleration of knowledge in the field of glycobiology, revealing many intricacies and functional contributions that were previously poorly appreciated or even unrecognized. This review highlights several topics relevant to glycoimmunology in which mammalian and pathogen-derived glycans displayed on glycoproteins and other scaffolds are recognized by specific glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), leading to a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cellular responses. The focus for this review is mainly on 2 families of GBPs, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) and selectins, that are involved in multiple steps of the immune response, including distinguishing pathogens from self, cell trafficking to sites of inflammation, fine-tuning of immune responses leading to activation or tolerance, and regulation of cell survival. Importantly for the clinician, accelerated rates of discovery in the field of glycoimmunology are being translated into innovative medical approaches that harness the interaction of glycans and GBPs to the benefit of the host and might soon lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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