Journal
RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 23, Issue 5, Pages 241-247Publisher
SPRINGER-VERLAG
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-003-0299-y
Keywords
apoptosis; DNA fragmentation; necrosis; sodium nitroprusside
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 42438] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [AG 07996] Funding Source: Medline
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The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been used to study NO-dependent cell death in human chondrocytes. This study compares SNP-induced chondrocyte death and SNP-activated signaling mechanisms with apoptosis induced by CD95 activation. Sodium nitroprusside increased cell death dose-dependently. Compared to CD95 stimulation, SNP induced only low levels of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation as measured by cell-death enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, SNP caused substantial nuclear DNA cleavage, as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Caspase-3 processing in response to SNP was not detected. The pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD.FMK partially abrogated the TUNEL signal but did not block cell death or internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The caspase-3-specific inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO did not inhibit the SNP-induced TUNEL signal or internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. DNA degradation was not blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB 202190 but by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the phenotype and mechanisms of SNP-induced chondrocyte death are distinct from apoptosis induction via CD95.
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