Intramuscular innervation of the human soleus muscle: A 3D model

The purpose of this study was to document the neural distribution patterns within the human soleus muscle using 3D computer modelling. Through serial dissection, pinning, and digitization, nerve distribution and muscle volume of a human cadaveric soleus muscle were documented and a detailed 3D computer model of neural distribution within the muscle volume was generated. Branching patterns demonstrated divisions that parallel architectural partitions within the soleus; that is, into anterior, posterior, and marginal soleus. Additionally, branching patterns demonstrated further partitioning of the posterior soleus into five distinct regions and the anterior soleus into two regions. Communication between nerve branches of the five regions of posterior soleus and between the anterior and posterior soleus were recorded. Knowledge of these anatomical partitions and their interaction is important as it will aid in the development of functional muscle models and in the understanding of normal and pathological muscle function. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.