Gender differences in depression and response to antidepressant treatment

Women are approximately twice as likely as men to experience depression during their lifetime. Though the exact etiology of this phenomenon is unknown, it is believed that neurobiologic and psychosocial factors contribute. Gender differences have also been documented with regard to symptom presentation, comorbid disorders, and course of illness. Several studies have reported differences in the response of men and women to antidepressant treatment, although not all studies have supported this observation. This article reviews evidence regarding differences in the epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of depression in men and women, with a focus on gender in relation to antidepressant treatment.