Lithium insertion into TiO2 nanotube prepared by the hydrothermal process

A TiO2 nanotube was prepared by a hydrothermal process. Transmission electron microscope tests showed that the products are uniform straight hollow tubes with the diam around 8 nm and the length over 300 nm. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the nanotubes crystallized in anatase TiO2. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging and discharging tests showed that lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation occured reversibly in the TiO2 nanotube electrode, and a high capacity can be obtained. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that Li+ ion intercalation occurs below 2.2 V. Around the 1.7 V plateau, the total electrochemical resistance reached a minimum. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.