Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 423-432Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
DOI: 10.1089/109287503768335913
Keywords
1,4-dioxane; ethers; biodegradation; remediation; occurrence
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1,4-Dioxane is classified as a probable human carcinogen. It is used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, particularly, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (TCA), and it is formed as a by-product during the manufacture of polyester and various polyethoxylated compounds. Improper disposal of industrial waste and accidental solvent spills have resulted in the contamination of groundwater with 1,4-dioxane. Volatilization and sorption are not significant attenuation mechanisms due to 1,4-dioxane's complete miscibility with water. At present, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the only proven technology for 1,4-dioxane treatment. 1,4-Dioxane was believed to be very resistant to both abiotic and biologically mediated degradation due to its heterocyclic structure with two ether linkages. However, recent studies have shown that 1,4-dioxane can be biodegraded as a sole carbon and energy source, and that cost-effective biological treatment processes can be developed. Future work should be oriented towards the development of better information on the extent of 1,4-dioxane contamination in the environment and of full-scale biological treatment processes. In addition, the application of chemical oxidation for in situ treatment of 1,4-dioxane warrants further investigation.
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