Expansion of polyglutamine induces the formation of quasi-aggregate in the early stage of protein fibrillization

We examined the effects of the expansion of glutamine repeats on the early stage of protein fibrillization. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and electron microscopic studies revealed that the elongation of polyglutamine from 35 to 50 repeats in protein induced a large assembly of the protein upon incubation at 37 degreesC and that its formation was completed in similar to 3 h. A bead modeling procedure based on SAXS spectra indicated that the largely assembled species of the protein, quasi-aggregate, is composed of 80 to similar to90 monomers and a bowl-like structure with long and short axes of 400 and 190 Angstrom, respectively. Contrary to fibril, the quasi-aggregate did not show a peak at S = 0.21 Angstrom(-1) corresponding to the 4.8-Angstrom spacing of beta-pleated sheets in SAXS spectra, and reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific to expanded polyglutamine. These results imply that beta-sheets of expanded polyglutamines in the quasi-aggregate are not orderly aligned and are partially exposed, in contrast to regularly oriented and buried beta-pleated sheets in fibril. The formation of non-fibrillary quasi-aggregate in the early phase of fibril formation would be one of the major characteristics of the protein containing an expanded polyglutamine.