Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 100, Issue 20, Pages 11583-11588Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2034960100
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists lifelong in infected hosts despite the presence of antiviral immunity. Many viral antigens are expressed during lytic infection. Thus, for EBV to spread, it must have evolved effective ways to evade immune recognition. Here, we report that HLA class II-restricted antigen presentation to T helper cells is hampered in the presence of the lytic-phase protein gp42. This interference with T cell activation involves association of gp42 with class 11 peptide complexes. Using HLA-DR tetramers, we identify a block in T cell receptor (TCR)-class 11 interactions imposed by gp42 as the underlying mechanism. EBV gp42 sterically clashes with TCR Valpha-domains as visualized by superimposing the crystal structures for gp42-HLA-DR1 and TCR-MHC class 11 complexes. Blocking TCR recognition provides a previously undescribed strategy for viral immune evasion.
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