Journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages 1739-1743Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000093547.63630.0F
Keywords
calcification; vascular; smooth muscle; differentiation; bone
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL/AR69261, HL43379, HL30568] Funding Source: Medline
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Research in the area of vascular calcification has grown rapidly in the past decade, and there is a greater understanding of its active regulatory mechanisms. This brief review covers the ideas presented in the 2003 Jeffrey M. Hoeg Award lecture, including the concepts that bone tissue forms in the artery wall in patients with atherosclerosis, that vascular cells undergo osteoblastic differentiation, that bone morphogenetic protein and matrix GLA protein regulate vascular calcification in opposition, that inflammatory cytokines and lipids promote vascular cell calcification but inhibit osteoblastic cell differentiation, that these same factors promote differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and that the artery wall may contain osteoclast-like cells with the potential to resorb calcium mineral. The review closes with a mention of therapeutic possibilities and an evolutionary paradigm to explain the reciprocal responses of vascular and bone mineralization to inflammation.
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