Optimization of strength and ductility in nanocrystalline and ultrafine grained metals

The possible optimization of strength and ductility in nanocrystalline and ultrafine grained metals is assessed. Most nanocrystalline metals show little ductility while exhibiting enhanced strength. The possibility that these properties can be optimized is discussed for microstructures with appropriate grain size distributions, and the introduction of second phase particles. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.