Inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different α1 antitrypsin genotypes

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recently defined as a systemic pulmonary inflammatory disease, and congenital alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is one of the well-established genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible associations of alpha 1 antitrypsin with inflammatory markers - CRP, sCD14, TNF-alpha, sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2 in patients with COPD with different alpha 1 antitrypsin genotypes. Material and methods: Serum biomarkers from patients (n = 355) with COPD, defined according to the GOLD criteria, were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits; alpha 1 antitrypsin concentrations were determined by nephelometry, and alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotyping was carried out by means of isoelectric focusing. Results: No significant differences in CRP, TNF-alpha, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, and sCD14 levels were found comparing COPD patients with different genotypes. In patients without alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PI*MM), a significant negative correlation between lung function (FEV1) and serum alpha 1 antitrypsin (r = -0.522, p = 0.03) and CRP concentration (r = -0.590, p = 0.011) was detected. The level of alpha 1 antitrypsin positively correlated with: a) CRP concentration (r = 0.671, p = 0.005), b) sCD14 (r = 0.510, p = 0.008) and c) 5TNFR-1 (r = 0.567, p = 0.007). Conclusions: In patients without alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, the positive association of alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration with CRP, sCD14, and 5TNFR-1 and the negative association with FEV1 show the importance of alpha 1 antitrypsin as a marker of systemic inflammation.