AML with 11q23/MLL abnormalities as defined by the WHO classification:: incidence, partner chromosomes, FAB subtype, age distribution, and prognostic impact in an unselected series of 1897 cytogenetically analyzed AML cases

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases with 11q23 abnormalities involving the MLL gene comprise one category of recurring genetic abnormalities in the WHO classification. In an unselected series of 1897 AML cases, 54 patients with an 11q23/MLL rearrangement were identified, resulting in an incidence of 2.8%. The incidence of AML with MLL rearrangement was significantly higher in therapy-related AML (t-AML) than in de novo, AML (9.4% vs 12.6%, P < .0001). The frequency of MLL rearrangements was significantly higher in patients younger than 60 years (5.3% vs 0.8%, P < .0001). While the incidence of MLL rearrangements in AML M4, M5a, and M5b was 4.7%, 33.3%, and 15.9%, respectively, it was found in only 0.9% of all other French-American-British (FAB) subtypes (P < .0001). Compared with AML with intermediate karyotype, AML with 11q23/MLL rearrangement had a worse outcome, which was rather comparable with AML with unfavorable karyotype. Compared with t-AML, the median overall survival (OS) of de novo AML with MLL rearrangement was significantly better (2.5 vs 10 months, P = .0143). No significant differences in median OS were observed between cases with t(9;11) compared with all other MLL rearrangements (10.0 vs 8.9 months, P = .36). In conclusion, the category AML with 11q23/MLL abnormalities accounts for 2.8% of unselected AML, is closely associated with monocytic differentiation, and has a dismal prognosis. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology.