Adenomyosis and accompanying gynecological pathologies

The aim of the present study is to determine the potential risk factors for adenomyosis and to investigate its relationship with accompanying gynecological pathologies and clinical characteristics. This study is a retrospective analysis of 945 patients who underwent hysterectomy between May 2005 and January 2013 at the Sifa University Medical Faculty Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study included 327 patients with adenomyosis and 618 patients without adenomyosis by histopathological examination of the uterus. There was a significant positive correlation between development of adenomyosis and presence of leiomyoma (p < 0.0001), history of previous abortion (p < 0.0001), history of previous pregnancy (p = 0.0002), and normal body mass index (p < 0.0001). However, no significant relationship existed between development of adenomyosis and smoking (p > 0.4300), normal delivery (p = 0.9600), cesarean delivery (p = 0.5705), endometrial hyperplasia (p = 0.1721), or ovarian endometriosis (p = 0.8595). Women who are multiparous have leiomyoma, a previous history of abortion, and a normal body mass index are at increased risk for development of adenomyosis. Adenomyosis might be one cause of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion during pregnancy.