Circulation of ionospheric and solar wind particle populations during extended southward interplanetary magnetic field

[1] Single particles trajectories using time-dependent electric and magnetic fields from multifluid simulations are used to examine the energy and mass transport due to entry of solar wind particles and from ionospheric outflows incorporating both light and heavy ions. It is shown the particles move with the convection cells derived from the multifluid simulations, and that strong particle acceleration occurs at both the dayside and nightside tips of the flow reversal regions. However, different particle populations have limited access to various parts of the convection pattern, and this leads to substantial dawn-dusk asymmetries in the particle populations within the magnetosphere. For the strong southward interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) conditions for the event studied, fast solar wind particles are able to enter from the dawnside and contribute to the asymmetric ring current. The rest of the fast particles flow down the mantle and do not enter the near-Earth magnetosphere. The remaining slow component is convected into the magnetosphere over a few tens of minutes to form cold populations in the mantle and LLBL. Solar wind He++ and O6+ are shown to penetrate deeper than the solar wind protons. Light ionospheric ions from the cusp and dawnside auroral oval have similar access problems and flow primarily down the tail and make little contribution to the plasma content to the near-Earth plasma sheet. Nightside auroral protons are shown to form a cold component in the plasma sheet boundary layer. When they are eventually convected in to the near-Earth plasma sheet they are accelerated preferentially to the duskside and experience further energy gains as they are convected sunward. These energetic protons contribute to the asymmetric ring current, with leakage from the magnetosphere occurring as they approach the dayside reconnection region. Heavy ionospheric ions enter the convection pattern differently from their light ions counterparts. O+ ions from the cusp can enter the near-Earth plasma sheet to provide some mass loading, but the biggest contributor is the dawnside auroral oval. The dawn-dusk electric field accelerates these ions toward the dusk side, but on sufficient low L shells that these ions can dominate the symmetric ring current composition. The O+ ions that originate from the midnight and dusk sectors go to forming hot populations in the dusk LLBL.