Ability of tetrahydrobiopterin analogues to support catalysis by inducible nitric oxide synthase: Formation of a pterin radical is required for enzyme activity

Pterin-free inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reconstituted with tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) or tetrahydrobiopterin analogues (5-methyl-H4B and 4-amino-H4B), and the ability of bound 5-methyl-H4B and 4-amino-H4B to support catalysis by either full-length iNOS (FLiNOS) or the isolated heme domain (HDiNOS) was examined. In a single turnover with HDiNOS, 5-methyl-H4B forms a very stable radical, 5-methyl-H3B. that accumulates in the arginine reaction to similar to60% of the HDiNOS concentration and decays similar to400-fold more slowly than H3B. (0.0003 vs 0.12 s(-1)). The amount of radical (5-methyl-H3B. or H3B.) observed in the NHA reaction is very small (<3% of HDiNOS). The activity of 5-methyl-H4B-saturated FLiNOS and HDiNOS is similar to that when H4B is bound: arginine is hydroxylated to NHA, and NHA is oxidized exclusively to citrulline and (NO)-N-.. A pterin radical was not observed with 4-amino-H4B- or pterin-free HDiNOS with either substrate. The catalytic activity of 4-amino-H4B-bound FLiNOS and HDiNOS resembles that of pterin-free iNOS: the hydroxylation of arginine is very unfavorable (<2% that of H4B-bound iNOS), and NHA is oxidized to a mixture of amino acid products (citrulline and cyanoornithine) and NO- rather than (NO)-N-.. These results demonstrate that the bound pterin cofactor undergoes a one-electron oxidation (to form a pterin radical), which is essential to its ability to support normal NOS turnover. Although binding of H4B also stabilizes the NOS structure and active site, the most critical role of the pterin cofactor in NOS appears to be in electron transfer.