Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 209-217Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00196-9
Keywords
non-invasive blood glucose monitoring; impedance spectroscopy
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This paper describes a non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on impedance spectroscopy. Changes in the glucose concentrations can be monitored by varying the frequency in the radio band over a range, optimised to measure the impact of glucose on the impedance pattern. A number of clinical-experimental studies (hyperglycaemic excursions) were performed with healthy subjects in order to prove the applicability of this approach. The sensor used in these experiments is the size of a wristwatch and holds an open resonant circuit coupled to the skin and a circuit, performing an impedance measurement. In most cases, the experiments showed a good correlation between changes in blood glucose and the sensor recordings. A detailed description of the trials is presented. The results of this first series of experiments can be considered as a proof of concept for this novel non-invasive monitoring approach. Nevertheless, partly due to the indirect measurement, a considerable number of questions remain to be clarified. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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