Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 278, Issue 52, Pages 53035-53044Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M308093200
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR00059] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-60316, HL-03860, HL073967-01] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-09607] Funding Source: Medline
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Airway epithelial cells are unresponsive to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) exposure under normal conditions. This study demonstrates that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection results in increased sensitivity to this environmental exposure. Infection with RSV results in increased expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mRNA, protein, and increased TLR4 membrane localization. This permits significantly enhanced LPS binding to the epithelial monolayer that is blocked by disruption of the Golgi. The increased TLR4 results in an LPS-induced inflammatory response as demonstrated by increased mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity, IL-8 production, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. RSV infection also allowed for tumor necrosis factor alpha production subsequent to TLR4 cross-linking with an immobilized antibody. These data suggest that RSV infection sensitizes airway epithelium to a subsequent environmental exposure (LPS) by altered expression and membrane localization of TLR4. The increased interaction between airway epithelial cells and LPS has the potential to profoundly alter airway inflammation.
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