Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 63, Issue 32, Pages 7108-7123Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02914
Keywords
Hericium erinaceus; mushrooms; fruit bodies; mycelia; phylogenetics; nutrients; food use; food processing bioactive compounds; multifunctional health properties; antioxidant capacity; anti-inflammatory effects; immunostimulation; cell; rodent; and human studies; health-promoting properties; bioactive compounds; erinacines; erinacerins; erinaceolactones; glycoproteins; polysaccharides; resorcinols; sterols; volatile compounds; research needs
Funding
- ARS [813564, ARS-0426044] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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The culinary and medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus is widely consumed in Asian countries, but apparently not in the United States, for its nutritional and health benefits. To stimulate broader interest in the reported beneficial properties, this overview surveys and consolidates the widely scattered literature on the chemistry (isolation and structural characterization) of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites such as erinacines, hericerins, hericenones, resorcinols, steroids, mono- and diterpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, nutritional composition, food and industrial uses, and exceptional nutritional and health-promoting aspects of H. erinaceus. The reported health-promoting properties of the mushroom fruit bodies, mycelia, and bioactive pure compounds include antibiotic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antifatigue, antihypertensive, antihyperlipodemic, antisenescence, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties and improvement of anxiety, cognitive function, and depression. The described anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunostimulating properties in cells, animals, and humans seem to be responsible for the multiple health-promoting properties. A wide range of research advances and techniques are described and evaluated. The collated information and suggestion for further research might facilitate and guide further studies to optimize the use of the whole mushrooms and about 70 characterized actual and potential bioactive secondary metabolites to help prevent or treat human chronic, cognitive, and neurological diseases.
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