Long-wavelength fluorophores:: new trends in their analytical use

Interest in the analytical use of long-wavelength fluorophores (LWFs) is growing, as shown by the numerous articles published recently in different areas, such as immunoassay, liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and sensors. This article provides an overview of the usefulness of cyanines, oxazines, rhodamines, ruthenium(II) complexes and other compounds to improve selectivity in fluorimetric determinations. It includes the advantages and the limitations of their applications, mainly in the field of biological analysis. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.