Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 135, Issue 2, Pages 155-163Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvh018
Keywords
acrosome; BNPI; chemical transmission; DNPI; L-glutamate; osteoblast; secretory granule; synaptic-like microvesicle; synaptic vesicle; vesicular glutamate transporter; VGLUT
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Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) is responsible for the active transport of L-glutamate in synaptic vesicles and thus plays an essential role in the glutamatergic chemical transmission in the central nervous system. VGLUT comprises three isoforms, VGLUT1, 2, and 3, and is a potential marker for the glutamatergic phenotype. Recent studies indicated that VGLUT is also expressed in non-neuronal cells, and localized with various organelles such as synaptic-like microvesicles in the pineal gland, and hormone. containing secretory granules in endocrine cells. L-Glutamate is stored in these organelles, secreted upon various forms of stimulation, and then acts as a paracrine-like modulator. Thus, VGLUTs highlight a novel framework of glutamatergic signaling and reveal its diverse modes of action.
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