High-performance organic light-emitting diodes using ITO anodes grown on plastic by room-temperature ion-assisted deposition

Ion-assisted deposition (IAD) was used to deposit smooth, adherent, and electrically/optically high-quality indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass and plastic substrates at room temperature. These films afforded organic light-emitting diode performance comparable to devices with commercial ITO/glass anodes, indicating that IAD is an attractive technique for low-temperature ITO deposition, especially on plastics (see Figure).