Intelligent window coatings: Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide

Thin films of tungsten-doped vanadium(IV) oxide were prepared on glass substrates from the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of vanadium(IV) chloride, tungsten(VI) ethoxide, and water at 500-600 degreesC. The films were characterized by Raman microscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vis/IR reflectance-transmittance. The films showed a reduction in thermochromic transition temperatures from 68 degreesC in VO2 to 42 degreesC in V0.99W0.01O2-approaching that required for commercial use as an intelligent window coating.