Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 69, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094435
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The four-spin operators are suspected to have a significant amplitude and an impact on the collective properties in spin ladders and magnetic two-dimensional lattices. They originate from cyclic circulation of electrons (ring currents). Starting from a simple Hubbard Hamiltonian one may establish their form from a fourth order expansion of quasidegenerate perturbation theory. This form slightly deviates from the generally assumed biquadratic expression. From a quantitative point of view, their amplitude can be assessed from accurate ab initio explicitly correlated wave functions and energies on embedded clusters. The present work shows that symmetry-broken density functional theory calculations may also provide estimates of the four-body operator amplitudes, but reliable results require the use of a large Fock component in the exchange functional.
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