Morphology-controlled growth of large-area two-dimensional ordered pore arrays

A solution-dipping template strategy for large-area synthesis of morphology-controlled, ordered pore arrays is reported. The morphology of the pore array can easily be controlled by concentration of the precursor solution and treatment conditions. With decrease of the concentration from a high level to a very low level nanostructured complex (pore-hole, and pore-particle) arrays, through-pore arrays, and even ring arrays can, in turn, be obtained. The pore size is adjustable over a large range by changing the diameter of the template's latex spheres. This synthesis route is universal band can be used for various metals, semiconductors and compounds on any substrate. Such structures may be useful in applications such as energy storage or conversion, especially in integrated next-generation nanophotonics devices, and biomolecular labeling and identification.