Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 194-197Publisher
BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503008.x
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Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH 2006] Funding Source: Medline
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Three experiments provide converging evidence that pride has a distinct, recognizable expression. Experiment 1 showed that judges can agree in identifying a posed expression as showing pride and can reliably distinguish pride expressions from expressions of related emotions such as happiness. Experiment 2 showed that judges can identify the pride expression when the task uses an open-ended response format that does not cue them with the label pride. Experiment 3 showed that the pride expression includes a small smile, with head tilted slightly back, visibly expanded posture, and arms raised above the head or hands on hips. Overall, these findings challenge the assumption that all positive emotions share the same expression, and suggest that pride may be added to the pantheon of basic emotions generally viewed as evolved responses.
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