Journal
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Volume 187, Issue -, Pages 172-178Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.036
Keywords
Affect; Bipolar disorder; Inflammation; Neuroimaging
Categories
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL113863, P01 HL014388] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH085724, K23 MH083695] Funding Source: Medline
- BLRD VA [I01 BX000741] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Bipolar disorder carries a substantive morbidity and mortality burden, particularly related to cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in peripheral inflammatory markers, which have been commonly reported in case-control studies, potentially link these co-morbidities. However, it is not clear whether inflammatory markers change episodically in response to mood states or are indicative of chronic pro-inflammatory activity, regardless of mood, in bipolar disorder. Methods: Investigations focused on comparing concentrations of specific inflammatory cytokines associated with immune activation status (primary outcome=tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)) in 37 participants with bipolar disorder across 3 mood states (mania N=15, depression N=9, normal mood N=13) and 29 controls without a psychiatric disorder (total N=66). Cytokine levels were also compared to T1 rho, a potential neuroimaging marker for inflammation, in select brain regions in a subsample (N=39). Results: Participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls did not differ significantly in inflammatory cytokine concentrations. However, compared to cases with normal mood, cases with abnormal mood states (mania and depression) had significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors (sTNFR1/sTNFR2), other macrophage derived cytokines (interleukin 113 (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18) in addition to IL-4, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, fibroblast growth factor beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine levels were not correlated with signals from Tip imaging in selected structures (amygdalae, hippocampi, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus). Limitations: Participants were not followed prospectively across mood states. Conclusion: Activation of inflammatory markers was found in abnormal mood states of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal study of individuals with mood disorders is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the time course of any such changes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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