Aberrant connectivity within the default mode network in first-episode, treatment-naive major depressive disorder

Background: Convergent studies have highlighted the dysfunction of default mode network (DMN) in major depressive disorder (MDD). The altered connectivity in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was especially found to be of interest in the resting state functional connectivity analysis. Recently, more attention has turned to the internal functional connectivity within the DMN. However, the internal connection patterns within the DMN remain unclear at the initial onset of MDD. Methods: Resting-state fMRI was performed on 38 first-episode, treatment-naive MDD patients along with 38 matched healthy controls. Seed-based analysis was used to define the DMN and then a region-to-region connectivity analysis was performed to inspect the functional connectivity within the DMN. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between significantly abnormal connectivities in MDD patients and clinical measurements. Results: Decreased region-to-region connectivities within DMN were found between the PCC and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), between PCC and the right inferior parietal gyrus/angular, as well as between the left thalamus and cerebellar tonsil. No significant increase in connectivity was found. Moreover, functional connectivity between the left thalamus and cerebellar tonsil revealed a marginal significant negative correlation with clinical Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores. Limitations: Noteworthiness in morbidity, a high risk of mortality, and a high rate of medical service utilization of MDD make the current results uncertain to apply to the more complicated situations. Conclusions: Each region within DMN may have a specific, individual functional role. The reason to identify the pathological mechanism of MDD may not lie in the abnormal DMN functional connectivity, but rather in the abnormal functional connectivity within DMN. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.