Journal
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
Volume 481, Issue 1, Pages 1-15Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.013
Keywords
Heme; Transport; Structure; Bacteria; Iron; Pathogen
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [1 R21 AT002743-02]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY &ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE [R21AT002743] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Efficient iron acquisition is critical for an invading microbe's survival and Virulence. Most of the iron in mammals is incorporated into heme, which can be plundered by certain bacterial pathogens as a nutritional iron Source. Utilization of exogenous heme by bacteria involves the binding of heme or hemoproteins to the cell surface receptors, followed by the transport of heme into cells. Once taken into the cytosol, heme is presented to heme oxygenases where the tetrapyrrole ring is cleaved in order to release the iron. Some Gram-negative bacteria also secrete extracellular heme-binding proteins called hemophores, which function to sequester heme from the environment. The heme-transport genes are often genetically linked as gene clusters Under Fur (ferric uptake regulator) regulation. This review discusses the gene Clusters and proteins involved in bacterial heme acquisition, transport and processing processes, with special focus on the heme-coordination, protein structures and mechanisms underlying heme-transport. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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