Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 101, Issue 9, Pages 2870-2875Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308723101
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The calcium, calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, regulates growth and gene expression of striated muscles. The activity of calcineurin is modulated by a family of cofactors, referred to as modulatory calcineurin-interacting proteins (MCIPs). In the heart, the MCIP1 gene is activated by calcineurin and has been proposed to fulfill a negative feedback loop that restrains potentially pathological calcineurin signaling, which would otherwise lead to abnormal cardiac growth. in a high-throughput screen for small molecules capable of regulating MCIP1 expression in muscle cells, we identified a unique 4-aminopyridine derivative exhibiting an embedded partial structural motif of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). This molecule, referred to as pyridine activator of myocyte hypertrophy, acts as a selective agonist for 5-HT2A/2B receptors and induces hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells through a signaling pathway involving calcineurin and a kinase-dependent mechanism that inactivates class 11 histone deacetylases, which act as repressors of cardiac growth. These findings identify MCIP1 as a downstream target of 5-HT2A/2B receptor signaling in cardiac muscle cells and suggest possible uses for 5-HT2A/2B agonists and antagonists as modulators of cardiac growth and gene expression.
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